Auto provisioning of bulk access points

ABSTRACT

Provided are devices, computer-program products, and methods (e.g., methods implemented by a network device), for automatic provisioning of an access point. In some implementations, a network device may receive a request for provisioning information. In some implementations, a group name is determined. In these implementations, the group name may be determined using information provided in the request. In some implementations, provisioning information is selected. In these implementations, selecting the provisioning information includes using the group name. In some implementations, the selected provisioning information is transmitted. In these implementations, provisioning information facilitates self-configuration of un-provisioned network devices.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/809,143, Titled “Automatic Provisioning of Bulk Access Points”, filedJul. 24, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

SUMMARY

A network deployment at an enterprise site may include many accesspoints. An enterprise network deployment may include hundreds orthousands of access points. When a network is initially deployed at anenterprise site, potentially hundreds or thousands of access points mustbe configured before the network is operational.

Provided are devices, computer-program products, and methods (e.g.,methods implemented by a network device), for automatic provisioning ofan access point. In some implementations, a network device may connectto a network. Connecting may include automatically receiving a groupname. In some implementations, a dynamic host configuration protocol(DHCP) request may be transmitted. A DHCP response message may also bereceived. The DHCP response message may provide an Internet Protocol(IP) address. The IP address may facilitate communication by the networkdevice with the network. In some implementations, controller informationmay be received. The controller information may include a controller IPaddress. In some implementations, provisioning information may berequested. This request may include the group name and the controller IPaddress. In some implementations, provisioning information may bereceived. In these implementations, provisioning information may beassociated with the controller IP address. The provisioning informationmay facilitate self-configuration of a network device. In someimplementations, the operation of the network device may be configuredusing the provisioning information.

In some implementations, the DHCP response message may include thecontroller IP address. In some implementations, the controller IPaddress may be included in DHCP option 43. In some implementations, thecontroller IP address may be included in DHCP option 60.

In some implementations, receiving the group name may include extractingthe group name from the DHCP response message. In some implementations,the group name may be based on the IP address provided by the DHCPresponse. In some implementations, the group name may be included inDHCP option 43. In other implementations, the group name may be includedin DHCP option 60.

In some implementations, connecting includes connecting to a port on amulti-port network infrastructure device. In some implementations,receiving the group name may include receiving a message from themulti-port network infrastructure device. The message may include thegroup name. In some implementations, the group name may be based on anidentity of the port that has been connected to. In otherimplementations, the message from the multi-port network infrastructuredevice may comprise a link layer discover protocol (LDDP) message withtype-length-value (TLV) structures. In some implementations, a TLV mayinclude the group name.

In some implementations, a message may be received from the multi-portnetwork infrastructure device. In these implementations, the message mayinclude the controller IP address. In some implementations, the messagemay comprise a link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) message withtype-length-value (TLV) structures. In some implementations, a TLV mayinclude the controller IP address. In some implementations, themulti-port network infrastructure device may be a switch.

In some implementations, provisioning information may includeradiofrequency settings. In other implementations, provisioninginformation may include network identifiers. In yet otherimplementations, provisioning information may include security settings.

In some implementations, further configuration information may bereceived. In these implementations, the further configurationinformation may be based on the group name.

In some implementations, a network device may connect to a network. Insome implementations, a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)message may be transmitted. In some implementations, a DHCP responsemessage may be received. In these implementations, the DHCP responsemessage may provide an Internet Protocol (IP) address. The IP addressmay facilitate communication by the network device with the network. Insome implementations, controller information is received. The controllerinformation may include a controller IP address. In someimplementations, provisioning information is requested. The provisioninginformation may include the IP address and the controller IP address. Insome implementations, provisioning information is received. In theseimplementations, the provisioning information may be associated with thecontroller IP address. The provisioning information may also beassociated with a group name. The provisioning information mayfacilitate self-configuration of a network device. In someimplementations, operation of the network device may be configured usingthe provisioning information.

In some implementations, the DHCP response message may include thecontroller IP address. In some implementations, the controller IPaddress is included in DHCP option 43. In other implementations, thecontroller IP address is included in DHCP option 60.

In some implementations, a link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) messagemay be received. In these implementations, the LLDP message may includetype-length-value (TLV) structures. A TLV may include the controller IPaddress.

In some implementations, requesting provisioning information may includecontacting a controller associated with the controller IP address. Insome implementations, receiving provisioning information may includereceiving a group name associated with the provisioning information. Insome implementations, the group name is based on the IP address providedby the DHCP response.

In some implementations, provisioning information may includeradiofrequency settings. In other implementations, provisioninginformation may include network identifiers. In yet otherimplementations, provisioning information may include security settings.

In some implementations, further configuration information may betransmitted. In these implementations, the further configurationinformation may be based on the group name.

Provided are devices, computer-program products, and methods (e.g.,methods implemented by a network device), for automatic provisioning ofan access point. In some implementations, a network device may receive arequest for provisioning information. In some implementations, a groupname is determined. In these implementations, the group name may bedetermined suing information provided in the request. In someimplementations, provisioning information is selected. In theseimplementations, selecting the provisioning information includes usingthe group name. In some implementations, the selected provisioninginformation is transmitted. In these implementations, provisioninginformation facilitates self-configuration of un-provisioned networkdevices.

In some implementations, determining the group name may includeextracting the group name from the request.

In some implementations, determining the group name may includeextracting an Internet Protocol (IP) address from the request. In theseimplementations, the group name may be based on the extracted IPaddress. In some implementations, all IP addresses in a subnet may beassigned to a group name. In other implementations, a range of IPaddresses in a subnet may be assigned to a group name. In yet otherimplementations, an individual IP address may be assigned to a groupname.

In some implementations, provisioning information may includeradiofrequency settings. In other implementations, provisioninginformation may include network identifiers. In yet otherimplementations, provisioning information may include security settings.

In some implementations, re-configuration information may betransmitted. In these implementations, the re-configuration informationmay be based on the group name.

The terms and expressions that have been employed are used as terms ofdescription and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the useof such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of thefeatures shown and described or portions thereof. It is recognized,however, that various modifications are possible within the scope of thesystems and methods claimed. Thus, it should be understood that,although the present system and methods have been specifically disclosedby embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of theconcepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in theart, and that such modifications and variations are considered to bewithin the scope of the systems and methods as defined by the appendedclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative embodiments are described in detail below with reference tothe following figures:

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a network configuration that may beimplemented for a multi-user organization, such as a business,educational institution, governmental entity, or any other organizationhaving multiple users and possibly multiple sites;

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a network configuration thatincludes a cloud-based management service;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system that may be used to provisionone of many access points;

FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a process for automated bulkprovisioning of access points, where an access point's group name isdetermined from a port on a multi-port network infrastructure device towhich the access point is connected;

FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a process for automated bulkprovisioning of access points, where an access point's group name isdetermined from an IP address assigned to the access point by a DHCPserver;

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a process 600 for automatedprovisioning of bulk access points, where an access point's group nameis determined by a controller from the access point's IP address;

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate examples of processes for automated bulkprovisioning of access points using a multi-port network infrastructuredevice;

FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate examples of processes for automated bulkprovisioning of access points using a DHCP server;

FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate examples of processes for automated bulkprovisioning of access points using a controller; and

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a network device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A network deployment at an enterprise site may include many wirelessaccess points. It may be desirable to provide wireless network servicesin all areas of enterprise sites such as office complexes, universitycampuses, hospitals, airports, shopping areas, and the like. Providingwireless network coverage to such large areas may require hundreds orpossibly thousands of wireless access points. During the initialdeployment of the network, these access points may need to beconfigured, for example to apply network identifiers, security settings,and other parameters that may be desired for the deployment site. Evenafter initial deployment, some or all of the access points may need tobe re-configured, to apply updated or changed settings. Configurationand re-configuration also may occur when one or more new access pointsare added to an already established network.

In some cases, an access point may be configured by a networkadministrator. This may involve having the network administrator (aperson) log into the access point, using, for example, a default addressor specific address for the access point. The network administrator maythen manually provision the access point. An enterprise networkdeployment, however, may include hundreds or thousands of access points.An enterprise network describes a network that may be implemented at alarge site, such as an office complex, a university campus, a governmentfacility, a hospital, or any other location that may include multiplebuildings, floors, departments, servers, subnetworks or subnets, manyclient devices, and a large number of users. When a network is initiallydeployed at an enterprise site, potentially hundreds or thousands ofaccess points must be configured before the network is operational. Fora network administrator to log into and provision each access pointwould be time-consuming and impractical.

In many cases the access points in an enterprise network may have acommon configuration. A common configuration allows for uniformity ofservice and simplifies network management. In such cases, the burden ofprovisioning hundreds or thousands of access points may be solved bypre-provisioning the access points, that is, provisioning the accesspoints before they are deployed at the deployment site. For example, theaccess points may be provisioned before leaving the factory, and/or atthe network administrator's office before installation. In some cases,however, pre-provisioning the access points prior to deployment maystill require a network administrator to log into each access point toprovide configuration information. Moreover, it may not be desirable toprovide sensitive provisioning information, such as network identifiers,passwords, and other security information, to a third party, such as thefactory. Pre-provisioning also does not provide a way to propagateconfiguration changes after the access points have been deployed and thenetwork is operational. After deployment, to change the access pointconfiguration, a network administrator would have to log in to eachaccess point to update the access points' configuration.

Additionally, one enterprise site may include multiple configurations.For example, different access point configurations may be provided foreach building, department, floor, or function. In another example, anenterprise site might have different types or generations of accesspoints, which do not all support the same configuration. Moreover,access points may provide overlapping coverage. For example, a highlysecure wireless network may be provided for employees, while a lesssecure network is provided for guests, and these networks may cover thesame areas, such as conference rooms. When an enterprise site includesmultiple access point configurations, the access points may besegregated into groups, where each group provides wireless services toone, for example, physical area or department. Access point groups,however, further complicate provisioning of the access points at a site.This becomes an additional burden for the network administrator who ismanually provisioning the access points: the network administrator mustfirst identify which group an access point belongs to before he or shecan provision the access point. Pre-provisioning the access points wouldrequire providing the configuration for each group to the person orentity providing the pre-provisioning. The pre-provisioned access pointswould then have to be labeled and deployed according to their assignedgroups.

Deployment of hundreds or thousands of access points may be facilitatedby systems and methods to provision the access points in an automatedfashion. Upon connecting the access point to a network, a device in thenetwork may identify the group to which the access point should belong.The group identity may then be used to provide provisioning information,and the provisioning information may be used to automatically provisioneach access point. After being provisioned, the access points will beready to provide wireless network service.

I. Network Configurations

FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a network configuration 100 thatmay be implemented for a multi-user organization, such as a business,educational institution, governmental entity, or any other organizationhaving multiple users and possibly multiple physical or geographicalsites. The network configuration 100 may include a main office 102 incommunication with a network 120. The network configuration 100 may alsoinclude one or more remote sites 132, 142, also in communication withthe network 120.

The main office 102 may include a primary network, possibly also calleda corporate network or a home network. The main office 102 network maybe a private network. A private network is a network that may includesecurity and access controls, such that only certain users areauthorized to access the private network. Authorized users may include,for example, employees of a company based in the main office 102.

In the illustrated example, the main office 102 includes a controller104 in communication with the network 120. The controller 104 mayprovide communication with the network 120 for the main office 102,though it may not be the only point of communication with the network120 for the main office 102. A single controller 104 is illustrated,though the main office may include multiple controllers and/or multiplecommunication points with network 120. In some embodiments, thecontroller 104 communicates with the network 120 through a router (notillustrated). In other embodiments, the controller 104 provides routerfunctionality to the devices in the main office 102.

A controller 104 may be operable to configure and manage networkdevices, such as in the main office 102, and may also manage networkdevices at the remote sites 132, 134. The controller 104 may be operableto configure and/or manage switches, routers, access points, and/orclient devices connected to a network. The controller 104 may itself be,or provide the functionality of, an access point.

The controller 104 may be in communication with one or more switches 108and/or wireless access points 106 a-c. Switches 108 and wireless accesspoints 106 a-c provide network connectivity to various client devices110 a-j. Using a connection to a switch 108 or access point 106 a-c, aclient device 110 a-j is able to access network resources, includingother devices on the network and the network 120.

Examples of client devices include, but are not limited to: desktopcomputers, laptop computers, servers, web servers, authenticationservers, authentication-authorization-accounting (AAA) servers, DomainName System (DNS) servers, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)servers, Internet Protocol (IP) servers, Virtual Private Network (VPN)servers, network policy servers, mainframes, tablet computers, netbookcomputers, televisions and similar monitors, content receivers, set-topboxes, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, smart phones,smart terminals, dumb terminals, virtual terminals, video game consoles,printers, and the like.

Within the main office 102, a switch 108 is included as one example of apoint of access to the network for wired client devices 110 i-j. Clientdevices 110 i-j may connect to the switch 108 and, through the switch108, may be able to access other devices within the networkconfiguration 100. The client devices 110 i-j may also be able to accessthe network 120, through the switch 108. The client devices 110 i-j maycommunicate with the switch 108 over a wired 112 connection. In theillustrated example, the switch 108 communicates with the controller 104over a wired 112 connection, though this connection may also bewireless.

Wireless access points 106 a-c are included as another example of apoint of access to the network for client devices 110 a-h. An accesspoint 106 a-c is a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmwarethat is configured to provide wireless network connectivity to wirelessclient devices 110 a-h. In the illustrated embodiment, the access points106 a-c can be managed and configured by the controller 104. The accesspoints 106 a-c communicate with the controller 104 and the network overeither wired 112 or wireless 114 connections.

The network configuration 100 may include one or more remote sites 132.A remote site 132 may be located in a different physical or geographicallocation from the main office 102. In some cases, the remote site 132may be in the same geographical location, or possibly the same building,as the main office 102, but lacks a direct connection to the networklocated within the main office 102, relying instead on a connection overa different network 120. A remote site 132 such as the one illustratedmay be, for example, a satellite office. The remote site 132 may includea gateway device 134 for communicating with the network 120. A gatewaydevice 134 may be a router, a digital-to-analog modem, a cable modem, aDigital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem, or some other network deviceconfigured to communicate to the network 120. The remote site 132 mayalso include a switch 138 and/or access point 136 in communication withthe gateway device 134 over either wired or wireless connections. Theswitch 138 and access point 136 provide connectivity to the network forvarious client devices 140 a-d.

In various embodiments, the remote site 132 is in direct communicationwith main office 102, such that client devices 140 a-d at the remotesite 132 access the network resources at the main office 102 as if theseclient devices 140 a-d were located at the main office 102. In suchembodiments, the remote site 132 is managed by the controller 104 at themain office, and the controller 104 provides the necessary connectivity,security, and accessibility that enable the remote site's 132communication with the main office 102. Once connected to the mainoffice 102, the remote site 132 may function as a part of a privatenetwork provided by the main office 102.

In various embodiments, the network configuration 100 may include one ormore smaller remote sites 142, comprising only a gateway device 144 forcommunicating with the network 120 and a wireless access point 146, bywhich various client devices 150 a-b access the network 120. Such aremote site 142 may represent, for example, an individual employee'shome or a temporary remote office. The remote site 142 may also be incommunication with the main office 102, such that the client devices 150a-b at remote site 142 access network resources at the main office 102as if these client devices 150 a-b were located at the main office 102.The remote site 142 may be managed by the controller 104 at the mainoffice 102 to make this transparency possible. Once connected to themain office 102, the remote site 142 may function as a part of a privatenetwork provided by the main office 102.

The network 120 may be a public network, such as the Internet. A publicnetwork is a network that may be shared by any number of entities,including the illustrated network configuration 100. A public networkmay have unrestricted access, such that any user may connect to it. Thenetwork 120 may include third-party telecommunication lines, such asphone lines, broadcast coaxial cable, fiber optic cables, satellitecommunications, cellular communications, and the like. The network 120may include any number of intermediate network devices, such asswitches, routers, gateways, servers, and/or controllers, that are notdirectly part of the network configuration 100 but that facilitatecommunication between the various parts of the network configuration100, and between the network configuration 100 and othernetwork-connected entities. The network 120 may include various contentservers 160 a-b. Content servers 160 a-b may include various providersof multimedia downloadable and/or streaming content, including audio,video, graphical, and/or text content, or any combination thereof.Examples of content servers 160 a-b include, for example, web servers,streaming radio and video providers, and cable and satellite televisionproviders. The client devices 110 a-j, 140 a-d, 150 a-b may request andaccess the multimedia content provided by the content servers 160 a-b.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a network configuration 200 thatincludes a cloud-based management service 222. The network configuration200 may be implemented for a multi-user organization. The networkconfiguration 200 includes a main office 202 in communication with anetwork 220, and may also include one or more remote sites 232, 242,also in communication with the network 220. In the illustratedembodiment, the main office 202 includes a gateway device 204, such as arouter, for communicating with the network 220. A single gateway device204 is illustrated, though the main office 202 may include multiplegateway devices and/or multiple communication points with the network220.

The gateway device 204 may be in communication with one or more switches208 and/or wireless access points 206 a-b. Switches 208 and accesspoints 206 a-b provide network connectivity to various client devices210 a-h. Using a connection to a switch 208 or access point 206 a-b, aclient device 210 a-h is able to access network resources, includingother devices on the network and the network 220.

A switch 208 is included as an example of a point of access to thenetwork for client devices 210 g-h. Client devices 210 g-h maycommunicate with the switch 208 over a wired 212 connection. Wirelessaccess points 206 a-b are included as another example of a point ofaccess to the network for client devices 210 a-f. Client devices 210 a-fmay communicate with the access points 206 a-b over wireless 214connections. The access points 206 a-b may themselves communicate withthe gateway device 204 over either wired 212 or wireless 214connections.

In some embodiments, the network configuration 200 may include acloud-based management service 222. The management service 222 mayinclude various software and software processes for configuring and/ormanaging network devices at the main office 202. Management tasks mayinclude, for example, access, authentication, security, hardwaremanagement, and/or internal and/or external communication. Themanagement service 222 may be running on a server local to the mainoffice 202, or a server located remotely from the main office 202, ormay be distributed across any number of local and/or remote servers. Inembodiments where the management service 222 is located remote to themain office 202, the management service 222 may access the main office202 over the network 220.

The network configuration 200 may include one or more remote sites 232,242. A remote site 232 may include a gateway device 234 forcommunicating with the network 220. The remote site 232 may also includea switch 238 and/or access point 236 in communication with the gatewaydevice 234 over either wired or wireless connections. The switch 238 andaccess point 236 provide connectivity to the network 220 for variousclient devices 240 a-d.

In various embodiments, the remote site 232 may be configured and/ormanaged by the management service 222, such that client devices 240 a-dat the remote site 232 access the network resources at the main office202 as if these client devices 240 a-d were located at the main office202. The management service 222 provides the necessary connectivity,security, and accessibility that enable the remote site's 232communication with the main office 202.

In various embodiments, the network configuration 200 may also includeone or more smaller remote sites 242, comprising only a gateway device244 for communicating with the network 220 and a wireless access point246, by which various client devices 250 a-b access the network 220. Theremote site 242 may also be configured and/or managed by the managementservice 222, such that the client devices 250 a-b at the remote site 242access network resources at the main office 202 as if these clientdevices 250 a-b were located at the main office 202. The managementservice's 222 control over the remote site 242 makes this transparencypossible.

The network 120 may be a public network, such as the Internet. Thenetwork 120 may include various content servers 260 a-b. The clientdevices 210 a-h, 240 a-d, 250 a-b may request and access data andcontent provided by the content servers 260 a-b over their connection tothe network 120.

II. Access Point Provisioning System

The example networks illustrated in FIGS. 1-2 may include multipleaccess points. In most cases, when an access point is connected to anetwork, such as the networks illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, the access pointmay need to be configured before it can provide wireless networkservices to client devices. In some cases, a network administrator mayconfigure each access point. The network administrator may log into theaccess point, and manually enter the access point's configurationinformation. A network configuration, however, may include hundreds orthousands of access points. For a network administrator to log into eachof thousands of access points to configure each access point may betime-consuming and impractical. In some cases, the access points may beprovisioned prior to being deployed into the network. Pre-provisioning,however, may include providing security information to a third party,which may not be practical or desirable. Furthermore, when the accesspoints require a configuration change, or if a decision is made todeploy the access points with a different configuration than originallycontemplated, a network administrator may still have to log into eachaccess point to enter the configuration change.

Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for automaticbulk provisioning of access points. In this context, “bulk” meansprovisioning a large number of access points with the same or almost thesame configuration. Also in this context, “provision” or “provisioning”means to provide configuration information that enables an access pointto become operational, within desired parameters. More generally,“provision” or “provisioning means the process of preparing andequipping an access point to be able to provide network services toassociated client devices.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system 300 that may be used toprovision one of many access points. The example system 300 illustrateshow one access point 306 may be connected to a network 320. Hundreds orthousands of access points may each be connected to the network 320 in asimilar fashion. In the illustrated example, the access point 306 isconnected to a multi-port network infrastructure device 308. Themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may be connected to thenetwork 320. A dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server 316 mayalso be connected to the network 320, and may be in communication withthe access point 306 through the network 320 and the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308. A controller 304 may also be connected to thenetwork 320, and may also be in communication with the access point 306.

As noted above, in this example the access point 306 is connected to thenetwork 320 by way of a multi-port network infrastructure device 308. Amulti-port network infrastructure device is a hardware component thatmay be used to construct a network. A multi-port network infrastructuredevice provides two or more ports. A port may be used to connect to themulti-port network infrastructure device and thereby connect to anetwork. Examples of devices that may connect to a multi-port networkinfrastructure device include client devices, such as desktop computers,laptop computers, servers, game consoles, and the like, and othernetwork infrastructure devices, such as switches, hubs, bridges,routers, gateways, and other such devices. In some cases, a deviceconnects to a multi-port network infrastructure device with a physicalcable. In other cases, a device may connect to a multi-port networkinfrastructure device with a wireless connection. In such cases, themulti-port network infrastructure device may provide wireless ports.Examples of multi-port network infrastructure devices include switches,hubs, bridges, routers, mid-span devices, and modems and other gatewaydevices. A multi-port network infrastructure device may also be acombined device, such as a modem, gateway, or router with integratedswitching capability. In some circumstances, an access point may beconnected to the network via a network infrastructure device with asingle downstream port (e.g., a single port to connect to access pointsor other network devices) and a single upstream port (e.g., a singleport to connect the network infrastructure device to the network), suchas a residential version router, cable modem, Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) model, or similar (not shown).

In the example system 300, the example access point 306 is connected toone of multiple ports 314 provided by the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308. The access point 306 may communicate to thenetwork 320 through the multi-port network infrastructure structuredevice 308. The network 320 may be a localized network, such as a localarea network (LAN) or a larger network that may include one or moresubnets. In some cases, the network 320 may include other networks,and/or public networks, such as the Internet.

The example system 300 may also include a DHCP server 316. A DHCP serveris a server that implements the DHCP protocol. The DHCP protocol allowsthe DHCP server to automatically assign IP addresses to a device thatwants to join a network. In many cases, a DHCP server is configured toprovide IP addresses within a specific range. The range of IP addressmay include, for example, the IP addresses provided for a single subnet.A DHCP server typically operates in a dynamic fashion, assigning IPaddresses automatically when devices join a network, and ensuring thateach device is assigned an IP address that is unique at least within thenetwork 320. The DHCP server 316 may also distribute other information,such as the addresses of local routers, time servers, name servers,domain name servers (DNS), and the like. The DHCP server 316 may be ahardware server configured to run the DHCP protocol. Alternatively, theDHCP server 316 may be a process running on a computing system.

The example system 300 may also include a controller 304. A controllermay be configured to configure and manage network devices, such asaccess points, switches, routers, and client devices. In some cases, thecontroller 304 may be a master controller. A master controller 304 maybe configured to manage and provision some or all of the access pointsconnected to the network 320. In some cases, the system 300 may includemore than one controller. In such cases, the access point 306 may bemanaged by a local controller, and another controller 304 may bedesignated as a master controller. The local controller may beresponsible for managing the access point 306, while the mastercontroller may be responsible for provisioning the access point 306.

As noted above, to provision an access point generally means to providethe access point with configuration settings. These settings describehow the access point is to operate. For example, the access point may beconfigured with network identifiers, such as security set identifiers(SSIDs). Network identifiers may be used by client devices to identifyand connect to a network. As another example, the access point may beconfigured with security settings, such as firewalls and/or passwords.As yet another example, the access point may be configured with radiosettings, such as transmission power, channels, and/or Multiple-Inputand Multiple Output (MIMO) capability.

Two or more access points may have the same configuration. These accesspoints may have the same configuration, for example, because they areconfigured to provide seamless wireless coverage over one area of asite. Seamless wireless coverage means that a client device maydisconnect from one access point and connect with a different accesspoint (sometimes called “roaming”) without any interruption of service.Access points with the same configuration may be assigned to a group.For example, a group of access points may provide wireless networkservice for the work area of an office, while a different group ofaccess points provide coverage for the conference room area, while yetanother group provides coverage for an auditorium area. Each of theseareas may have different configurations. For example, the work area mayhave high security settings, while the conference room may have lowsecurity settings but more limited network access. Each group of accesspoints may be given a name that a network administrator may use toidentify the group. For example, the groups in the prior example may benamed “work_area”, “conference_rooms” and “auditorium.”

Sub-dividing access points into groups, which may be helpful to networkfunctionality, may complicate provisioning of the access points. Anetwork administrator that is configuring the network may first have toidentify the group to which the access point should belong before he orshe can configure the access point with the desired configuration. Thesystem 300 of FIG. 3, however, may make use of group names in automatingthe process of provisioning bulk access points. As described in furtherdetail below, in various embodiments, automated provisioning of bulkaccess points may be provided for the system 300.

III. Automated Provisioning of Access Points

As noted above, the system 300 of FIG. 3 can, in various embodiments, beused to provision any number of access points in an automated fashion.The process for automatically provisioning access points may begin whenan access point 306 connects to a network 320. For example, the accesspoint 306 may connect to the multi-port network infrastructure device308 with a cable. In connecting to the network 320, the access point 306may automatically receive a group name. This group name may identify anaccess point group to which the access point will belong. Uponconnecting to the network, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCPrequest message to a DHCP server 316 connected to the network 320. Theaccess point 306 may subsequently receive a DHCP response message fromthe DHCP server 316. The DHCP response message may include an IPaddress. The access point 306 may use this IP address as its address forcommunicating with the network 320. The access point 306 may furtherreceive controller information. This controller information may includethe IP address of the controller 304. The access point 306 maysubsequently request provisioning information. This request may includethe IP address of the controller 304. The request may be directed to thecontroller 304. This request may contain information about the accesspoint 306, such as configurations or protocols supported by the accesspoint, versions or model numbers, and the like. The access point 306 maysubsequently receive provisioning information from the controller 304.Having received provisioning information, the access point 306 mayconfigure its operations using the provisioning information. Thereafter,the access point 306 may be available to provide network services toclient devices.

In some implementations, the access point may not receive a group name.For example, all access points in a network or subnet may be configuredwith the same configuration. In this example, the access points are notdivided into groups, and thus may not be provided with a group name. Asanother example, an access point may have a default group name that isavailable when the access point is powered on. In these implementations,the access point 306 may connect to the network 320 and not receive agroup name. The access point 306 may proceed to transmit a DHCP requestand receive a DHCP response, where the DHCP response provides the accesspoint 306 with an IP address. The access point 306 may further receivecontroller information that includes the IP address of a controller 304.The access point 306 may request provisioning information, using thecontroller IP address. The access point 306 may subsequently receiveprovisioning information. The access point 306 may then use theprovisioning information to configure its operations.

FIG. 4 illustrates one example of a process 400 for automated bulkprovisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 400, an accesspoint 306 may interact with a multi-port network infrastructure device308, a DHCP server 316, and/or a controller 304, each of which isdescribed with respect to FIG. 3. The steps of the process 400 of FIG. 4occur automatically when the access point 306 is connected to a network,and do not require prompting from a human network administrator. In somecases, however, the process 400 may be facilitated by actions taken by anetwork administrator. For example, in a large installation of newaccess points, bulk (or any) provisioning may be suspended until allaccess point are installed or the network administrator otherwiseindicates that provisioning should occur. The steps of the process 400are described as applying to one access point 306, however, the sameprocess 400 can be applied to any or all access points connected to thenetwork either sequentially, at approximately the same time, or somecombination thereof.

In FIG. 4, at step 402, the access point 306 may be connected to anetwork. For example, a network administrator may connect the accesspoint 306 with a multi-port network infrastructure device 308 using aphysical cable. Alternatively, at step 402 the access point 306 mayconnect wirelessly with the multi-port network infrastructure device308. The access point 306 may also have been previously physicallyconnected to the network, and at step 402 the access point 306 mayalternatively initiate steps to establish a connection that allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network. Alternatively oradditionally, the access point 306 may detect an existing connection tothe network and proceed with the further steps of the process 400.Alternatively or additionally, the access point 306 may be made—forexample, by a network administrator pressing a button on the accesspoint 306—to detect a connection to the network and proceed with thefurther steps of the process 400.

At step 404, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCP request to obtainan IP address. An IP address is one of several ways in which the accesspoint 306 identifies itself to the network. An IP address allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network, and further allowsdevices in the network to communicate with the access point 306. TheDHCP request may be broadcast to the network, with the expectation thatthe DHCP server 316 will receive the DHCP request.

At step 406, the DHCP server 316 may receive the DHCP request andgenerate a DHCP response. The DHCP response may include an IP addressfor the access point 306. The DHCP response may also include otherinformation that may be used by the access point 306. For example, theDHCP response may include the IP address of the controller 304. Thecontroller 304 IP address may be provided in an optional field in theDHCP response. Optional fields, or “options,” may be used by the DHCPserver 316 to transmit optional configuration parameters. DHCP optionshave assigned numbers and names, but some options may be used accordingto how the DHCP server 316 is configured. For example, the controller304 IP address may be placed in option 43, which is designated forVendor Specific Information. Alternatively or additionally, thecontroller 304 IP address may be placed in option 60, which isdesignated as the Vendor Class Identifier. The controller 304 IP addressmay alternatively or additionally be placed in other options, includingoptional and extension options. Vendor-related options, however, aredesignated for use by a vendor, and placing information such as thecontroller 304 IP address in these options is least likely to affectinter-operability with other network devices.

At step 408, the access point 306 may receive the DHCP response. Asnoted above, the DHCP response may include an IP address for the accesspoint 306. In some implementations, the DHCP response may also includethe address of the controller 304, and possibly other information.

Having obtained an IP address, at step 410, the access point 306 maycommunicate its IP address to the multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308. For example, the access point 306 may transmit a Link LayerDiscovery Protocol (LLDP) message to the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308. The multi-port network infrastructure device308 may use the access point's 306 IP address to direct or route packetsbetween the network and the access point 306. An LLDP message from theaccess point 306 may contain other information, such as a system nameand description, a port name and description, a virtual local areanetwork (VLAN) name, an IP management address, system capabilities(switching, routing, etc.), Media Access Control (MAC) and/or physical(PHY) information, power information, and/or link aggregation (methodsof combining multiple network connections in parallel in order toincrease throughput beyond what a single connection could sustain)information. An LLDP message may also include any amount of optionalinformation. LLDP messages may be broadcast by the access point 306and/or the multi-port network infrastructure device 308, so that theaccess point's 306 information may be distributed to other parts of thenetwork.

At step 412, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 mayidentify the port to which the access point 306 is connected. Themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may use informationobtained from an LLDP message from the access point 306. Alternativelyor additionally, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maydetect that the access point 306 is connected to one of its ports. Forexample, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may detectpower or communication signals on that port.

At step 414, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may usethe port identified in step 412 to identify an access point group name.The multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may be configured suchthat each of its ports is assigned to a different access point group.Alternatively or additionally, a range of ports may be assigned to anaccess point group. For example, ports 1-5 may be assigned to the group“work_area”, ports 6-10 may be assigned to the group “conference_rooms”,and ports 10-15 may be assigned to the group “auditorium.” Alternativelyor additionally, discontinuous ports (e.g., all odd or all even portnumbers, or every third port, etc.) may be assigned to an access pointgroup. Alternatively, all of the multi-port network infrastructuredevice's 308 ports may be assigned to the same access point group.

At step 414, multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maycommunicate the identified group name to the access point 306. Forexample, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may transmitan LLDP message to the access point 306. An LLDP message is typicallycomposed of a series of type-length-value (TLV) structures. A TLV mayinclude a type, indicating the type of the data stored in the TLV. A TLVmay also include a length, indicating the length of the value stored inthe TLV. A TLV may optionally also include a value. An LLDP may includemandatory TLVs, such as a chassis identifier, a port identifier, and/ora time-to-live identifier. LLDP messages may also include any number ofoptional TLVs. An optional TLV may be used to transmit the accesspoint's 306 group name to the access point 306. For example, an LLDP mayinclude a TLV of type 127 (commonly used for custom TLVs) and analphanumeric value that includes the group name (each character possiblyencoded in an 8-bit value).

A multi-port network infrastructure device may be configured with one ormore access point group profiles. A profile may be assigned to one ormore of the multi-port network infrastructure device's 308 ports. Table1 and Table 2 illustrate two examples of profiles that may be assignedto a port. The “LLDP Protocol Data Unit (PDU) transmit” parameterindicates whether an LLDP to the access point 306 should be transmitted.The “AP_Group TLV” (Access Point Group TLV) parameter indicates whetherthe LLDP to the access point 306 should include an access point groupname. The “AP_Group Name” (Access Point Group Name) parameter gives thename of the access point group provided by the profile.

TABLE 1 LLDP Profile “device-group-work” Parameter Value LLDP PDUtransmit Enabled AP_Group TLV Enabled AP_Group Name work_area

TABLE 2 LLDP Profile “device-group-conf” Parameter Value LLDP PDUtransmit Enabled AP_Group TLV Enabled AP_Group Name conference_rooms

In some implementations, the multi-port network infrastructure device308 may also be configured to provide the IP address of the controller304 to the access point 306. For example, the above-described LLDPprofiles may include the controller 304 IP address. Furthermore, an LLDPmessage from the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 to theaccess point 306 may include a TLV containing the controller 304 IPaddress. Configuring the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 totransmit the controller 304 IP address may provide an alternate oradditional method to supply the controller 304 IP address to the accesspoint 306.

At step 416, the access point 306 may receive the LLDP messagecontaining its group name, and generate a provisioning request. Theaccess point 306 may include its group name in the provisioning request.The provisioning request may further include the IP address of thecontroller 304. Inclusion of the controller 304 IP address may cause thecontroller 304 to accept the provisioning request. In someimplementations, the provisioning request may be in the form a UniversalDatagram Protocol (UDP) type message. For example, the access point 306may transmit a Process Application Protocol Interface (PAPI) message.PAPI is a proprietary protocol used by Aruba Networks, Inc. forcommunication between access points and controllers PAPI uses UDP port8211. Use of this specific protocol is not necessary, and the accesspoints and/or controllers involved may also use other standardized orproprietary protocols for communication between them. In someimplementations, the provisioning request is not specifically a requestfor provisioning. In these implementations, the provisioning request maybe a message that indicates that the access point 306 is un-provisioned,and/or a message that indicates that the access point 306 is incorrectlyprovisioned.

At step 418, the controller 304 may receive the provisioning requestfrom the access point 306. As noted above, the provisioning request mayinclude the access point's 306 group name. The controller 304 may beconfigured with configuration profiles for each designated access pointgroup at the deployment site. Each configuration profile contains theprovisioning information for a named group. The controller 304 may usethe group name provided by the provisioning request to select theprovisioning information that is suitable for the access point 306.Alternatively, the controller 304 may select default provisioninginformation. For example, the controller 304 may provide defaultprovisioning information when the controller 304 does not recognize thegroup name provided with the provisioning request. At step 420, thecontroller 304 may transmit the selected provisioning information to theaccess point 306. The controller 304 may, for example, send a UDP typemessage, such as a PAPI message, containing the provisioninginformation. Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 maytransmit a series of messages, each containing a portion of theprovisioning information.

At step 422, the access point 306 may receive the provisioninginformation from the controller 304. Upon receiving the provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may configure its operations.Configuring the access point's 306 operations may include automaticallyapplying the configuration settings provided by the provisioninginformation. Thereafter, the access point 306 may be ready to supplywireless services to client devices.

In some implementations, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded withconfiguration profiles. A configuration profile may be included for eachdesignated group at a deployment site. Alternatively or additionally,one or more default configuration profiles, with default group names,may be included. In these implementations, the access point 306 may beable to configure its operations upon receiving its group name. In suchcases, the access point 306 may not receive or may ignore the controller304 IP address provided by either the DHCP response generated at step406 or an LLDP message from the multi-port network infrastructure device308 generated at step 414. Furthermore, in these cases the access point306 may not transmit a provisioning request, as at step 416, and mayinstead proceed to step 422.

In other implementations, the access point 306 may be able to provisionitself without a group name. This may be the case, for example, when allthe access points at a deployment site or all access points incommunication with the same controller are to have the sameconfiguration. For example, at step 402, the access point 306 may beconfigured with a default group name that is available once the accesspoint 306 has powered up. The access point 306 may include this defaultgroup name in the provisioning request transmitted at step 416.Alternatively, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded with configurationprofiles. In such cases, the access point 306 may select a pre-loadedconfiguration profile, using the default group name, and configureitself with the provisioning information provided by this configurationprofile.

The steps included in the process 400 may also be used to reconfigurethe access point 306 at a later time. For example, when a change to theconfiguration for a specific access point group is to be made, theconfiguration profile for the group may be changed at the controller304. The controller 304 may thereafter broadcast messages to thenetwork, such as PAPI messages, that indicate the configuration change.These messages may include the group name. Access points that belong tothat group may recognize that the messages are intended for their group,may accept the messages, and may use the message content to reconfigurethemselves. Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 maymaintain lists of which access points are in which groups, and, insteadof broadcasting messages, may direct messages to each specific accesspoint that is a member of the group. In other implementations, themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may transmit an LLDPmessage to some or all of the access points connected to it, such as theaccess point 306. This LLDP message may indicate to the access point 306that the access point 306 should re-request provisioning information, asat step 416. For example, the LLDP message may include a TLV thatinstructs the access point 306 to reconfigure. Upon receipt ofprovisioning information, as at step 422, the access point may proceedto reconfigure itself.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by stepsincluded by the process 400. For example, to change the group name ofthe access point 306, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308may transmit an LLDP message to the access point 306, where the LLDPmessage includes the new group name. Upon receipt of this message, theaccess point 306 may automatically initiate a provisioning request, asat step 416, where the provisioning request includes the new group name.Upon receipt of provisioning information, as at step 422, the accesspoint may proceed to reconfigure itself.

FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a process 500 for automatedbulk provisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 500, anaccess point 306 may interact with a multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308, a DHCP server 316, and/or a controller 304, each of which isdescribed with respect to FIG. 3. The steps of the process 500 of FIG. 5occur automatically when the access point 306 is connected to a network,and do not require prompting from a network administrator. In somecases, however, the process 500 may be facilitated by actions taken by anetwork administrator. The steps of the process 500 are described asapplying to one access point 306; however, the same process 500 can beapplied to any or all access points connected to the network.

In FIG. 5, at step 502, the access point 306 may be connected to anetwork. For example, a network administrator may connect the accesspoint 306 with a multi-port network infrastructure device 308 using aphysical cable. Alternatively, at step 502, the access point 306 mayconnect wirelessly with the multi-port network infrastructure device308. The access point 306 may also have been previously physicallyconnected to the network, and at step 502 the access point 306 mayalternatively initiate steps to establish a connection that allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network. Alternatively oradditionally, the access point 306 may detect an existing connection tothe network and proceed with the further steps of the process 500.Alternatively or additionally, the access point 306 may be made—forexample, by a network administrator pressing a button on the accesspoint 306—to detect a connection to the network and proceed with thefurther steps of the process 500.

At step 504, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCP request to obtainan IP address. An IP address is one of several ways in which the accesspoint 306 identifies itself to the network. An IP address allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network, and further allowsdevices in the network to communicate with the access point 306. TheDHCP request may be broadcast to the network, with the expectation thatthe DHCP server 316 will receive the DHCP request.

At step 512, the DHCP server 316 may receive the DHCP request. At thisstep, the DHCP server 316 may determine an IP address to assign to theaccess point 306. The DHCP server 316 may base its selection on a numberof factors, such as where the access point 306 is physically located,the access point's physical connection to the network, and/or anyparameters sent by the access point 306 in its DHCP request.

Having determined the IP address that is to be assigned to the accesspoint 306, the DHCP server 316 may, at step 514, determine the accesspoint's 306 group name, using the assigned IP address. The DHCP server316 may be configured to assign certain IP addresses to various devicesin the network, including access points. The DHCP server 316 may furtherbe configured such that each IP address that it may assign to an accesspoint is designated as belonging to a different group. Alternatively oradditionally, the DHCP server 316 may be configured such that ranges ofIP addresses are assigned to different groups. For example, the IPaddress range 10.1.1.100 through 10.1.1.150 (fifty addresses) may beassigned to the group “work_area” while the address range 10.1.1.151through 10.1.1.200 may be assigned to the group “conference_rooms.”Alternatively or additionally, all the IP addresses in a subnet may beassigned to a group. Subnets group together a number of logicallyrelated devices, and allow them to present a single IP address to othernetworks and devices. This allows routers to route packets intended forany device within the subnet to the same IP address (typically the IPaddress of an interface of a router or other subnet device assigned tothat subnet) without needing to determine the exact address of theintended device. Once a packet reaches the subnet device to which the IPaddress has been assigned, the subnet device uses other addressinformation to determine the address of the intended device.

An example of a DHCP server configuration using options 43 and 60 isprovided below. The DHCP server 316 may use this example configurationwhen generating a response to the DHCP request from the access point306. Furthermore, this configuration would not be applied when the DHCPserver 316 responds to DHCP requests from devices that are not accesspoints.

option masterip code 43=ip-address;

option vendor-class-identifier code 60=string;

group { option masterip 10.1.1.245; option vendor-class-identifier“ArubaAP;APGroupName1”; subnet20.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range10.1.1.100 10.1.1.150; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; optionbroadcast-address 10.1.1.255; option routers 10.1.1.245;} }

At step 506, the DHCP server 316 may generate a DHCP response. The DHCPresponse may include the group name identified at step 514. The DHCPresponse may also include the IP address for the access point 306. TheDHCP response may also include other information that may be used by theaccess point 306. For example, the DHCP response may include the IPaddress of the controller 304. In some implementations, the DHCP server316 may be configured to identify DHCP requests from access points, andmay further be configured to include the controller 304 IP address in aresponse to DHCP requests from an access point. The DHCP server 316 mayfurther be configured to provide the controller 304 IP address only toaccess point 306. In other implementations, the DHCP server 316 may beconfigured to provide the controller 304 IP address in response to anyDHCP request. In yet other implementations, the DHCP server 316 may beconfigured to provide the controller 304 IP address only for certain IPaddresses selected at step 512.

The group name and/or controller 304 IP address may be provided inoptional fields in the DHCP response. For example, the controller 304 IPaddress may be placed in option 43, which is designated for VendorSpecific Information, and the group name may be placed in option 60,which is designated as the Vendor Class Identifier. The group nameand/or controller 304 IP address may alternatively or additionally beplaced in other options, including optional and extension options.Vendor-related options, however, are designated for use by a vendor, andplacing information such as the group name and/or controller 304 IPaddress in these options is least likely to affect inter-operabilitywith other network devices.

At step 508, the access point 306 may receive the DHCP response. Asnoted above, the DHCP response may include an IP address for the accesspoint 306. The DHCP response may also include the group name that isassigned to the access point 306. In some implementations, the DHCPresponse may also include the address of the controller 304, andpossibly other information.

At step 516, the access point 306 may generate a provisioning request.The access point 306 may include its group name in a provisioningrequest. The provisioning request may further include the IP address ofthe controller 304. Inclusion of the controller 304 IP address may causethe controller 304 to accept the provisioning request. In someimplementations, the provisioning request may be in the form a UDP-typemessage. For example, the access point 306 may transmit a PAPI message.In some implementations, the provisioning request is not specifically arequest for provisioning. In these implementations, the provisioningrequest may be a message that indicates that the access point 306 isun-provisioned, and/or a message that indicates that the access point306 is incorrectly provisioned.

At step 518, the controller 304 may receive the provisioning requestfrom the access point 306. As noted above, the provisioning request mayinclude the access point's 306 group name. The controller 304 may beconfigured with configuration profiles for each designated access pointgroup at the deployment site. Each configuration profile contains theprovisioning information for a named group. The controller 304 may usethe group name provided by the provisioning request to select theprovisioning information that is suitable for the access point 306.Alternatively, the controller 304 may select default provisioninginformation. For example, the controller 304 may provide defaultprovisioning information when the controller 304 does not recognize thegroup name provided with the provisioning request. At step 520, thecontroller 304 may transmit the provisioning information to the accesspoint 306. The controller 304 may, for example, send a UDP type message,such as a PAPI message, containing the provisioning information.Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 may transmit a seriesof messages, each containing a portion of the provisioning information.

At step 522, the access point 306 may receive the provisioninginformation from the controller 304. Upon receiving the provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may configure its operations.Configuring the access point's 306 operations may include automaticallyapplying the configuration settings provided by the provisioninginformation. Thereafter, the access point 306 may be ready to supplywireless services to client devices.

In some implementations, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded withconfiguration profiles. A configuration profile may be included for eachdesignated group at a deployment site. Alternatively or additionally,default configuration profiles, with default group names, may beincluded. In these implementations, the access point 306 may be able toconfigure its operations upon receiving its group name. In such cases,the access point 306 may not receive or may ignore the controller 304 IPaddress provided by the DHCP response generated at step 506.Furthermore, in these cases, the access point 306 may not transmit aprovisioning request, as at step 516, and may instead proceed to step522.

In other implementations, the access point 306 may be able to provisionitself without a group name. This may be the case, for example, when allthe access points at a deployment site or all access points incommunication with the same controller are to have the sameconfiguration. For example, at step 502, the access point 306 may beconfigured with a default group name that is available once the accesspoint 306 has powered up. The access point 306 may include this defaultgroup name in the provisioning request transmitted at step 516.Alternatively, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded with configurationprofiles. In such cases, the access point 306 may select a pre-loadedconfiguration profile, using the default group name, and configureitself with the provisioning information provided by this configurationprofile.

The steps included in the process 500 may also be used to reconfigurethe access point 306 at a later time. For example, when a change to theconfiguration for a specific access point group is to be made, theconfiguration profile for the group may be changed at the controller304. The controller 304 may thereafter broadcast messages to thenetwork, such as PAPI messages, that indicate the configuration change.These messages may include the group name. Access points that belong tothat group may recognize that the messages are intended for their group,may accept the messages, and may use the message content to reconfigurethemselves. Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 maymaintain lists of which access points are in which groups, and, insteadof broadcasting messages, may direct messages to each specific accesspoint that is a member of the group. In other implementations, the DHCPserver may generate a DHCP response, as at step 506. Receipt of thisDHCP response may indicate to the access point 306 that it shouldreconfigure. The access point 306 may subsequently re-requestprovisioning information, as at step 516. Upon receipt of provisioninginformation, as at step 522, the access point may proceed to reconfigureitself.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by thesteps included in the process 500. For example, to change the group nameof the access point 306, the DHCP server may transmit a DHCP response,as at step 506, which includes the new group name. Upon receipt of thisDHCP response, the access point 306 may automatically initiate aprovisioning request, as at step 516, where the provisioning requestincludes the new group name. Upon receipt of provisioning information,as at step 522, the access point may proceed to reconfigure itself.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a process 600 for bulkprovisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 600, an accesspoint 306 may interact with a multi-port network infrastructure device308, a DHCP server 316, and/or a controller 304, each of which isdescribed with respect to FIG. 3. The steps of the process 600 of FIG. 6occur automatically when the access point 306 is connected to a network,and do not require prompting from a network administrator. In somecases, however, the process 600 may be facilitated by actions taken by anetwork administrator. The steps of the process 600 are described asapplying to one access point 306; however, the same process 600 can beapplied to any or all access points connected to the network.

In FIG. 6, at step 602, the access point 306 may be connected to anetwork. For example, a network administrator may connect the accesspoint 306 with a multi-port network infrastructure device 308 using aphysical cable. Alternatively, at step 602, the access point 306 mayconnect wirelessly with the multi-port network infrastructure device308. The access point 306 may also have been previously physicallyconnected to the network, and at step 602 the access point 306 mayalternatively initiate steps to establish a connection that allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network. Alternatively oradditionally, the access point 306 may detect an existing connection tothe network and proceed with the further steps of the process 600.Alternatively or additionally, the access point 306 may be made—forexample, by a network administrator pressing a button on the accesspoint 306—to detect a connection to the network and proceed with thefurther steps of the process 600.

At step 604, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCP request to obtainan IP address. An IP address is one of several ways in which the accesspoint 306 identifies itself to the network. An IP address allows theaccess point 306 to communicate with the network, and further allowsdevices in the network to communicate with the access point 306. TheDHCP request may be broadcast to the network, with the expectation thatthe DHCP server 316 will receive the DHCP request.

At step 606, the DHCP server 316 may generate a DHCP response. The DHCPresponse may include the IP address for the access point 306. The DHCPresponse may also include other information that may be used by theaccess point 306. For example, the DHCP response may include the IPaddress of the controller 304. The controller 304 IP address may beprovided in optional fields in the DHCP response. For example, thecontroller 304 IP address may be placed in option 43, which isdesignated for Vendor Specific Information. Alternatively oradditionally, the group name may be placed in option 60, which isdesignated as the Vendor Class Identifier. The controller 304 IP addressmay alternatively or additionally be placed in other options, includingoptional and extension options. Vendor-related options, however, aredesignated for use by a vendor, and placing information such as thegroup name and/or controller 304 IP address in these options is leastlikely to affect inter-operability with other network devices.

At step 608, the access point 306 may receive the DHCP response. Asnoted above, the DHCP response may include an IP address for the accesspoint 306. In some implementations, the DHCP response may also includethe address of the controller 304, and possibly other information.

At step 616, the access point 306 may generate a provisioning request.This provisioning request may include the IP address assigned to theaccess point 306. The access point 306 may also include the IP addressof the controller 304. Inclusion of the controller 304 IP address maycause the controller 304 to accept the provisioning request. In someimplementations, the provisioning request may be in the form a UDP-typemessage. For example, the access point 306 may transmit a PAPI message.In some implementations, the provisioning request is not specifically arequest for provisioning. In these implementations, the provisioningrequest may be a message that indicates that the access point 306 isun-provisioned, and/or a message that indicates that the access point306 is incorrectly provisioned.

At step 612 the controller 304 may receive the provisioning request fromthe access point 306. The controller 304 may, at step 618, determine theaccess point's 306 group name, using the IP address provided with theprovisioning request. The controller 304 may be configured to manage anumber of IP addresses within the network. The controller 304 mayfurther be configured such that each IP address that may be assigned toan access point is designated as belonging to a certain access pointgroup. For example, each IP address designated for access points may beassigned to a different access point group. Alternatively oradditionally, the controller 304 may be configured such that ranges ofIP addresses are assigned to different groups. For example, the IPaddress range 172.168.24.25 through 172.168.56.250 may be assigned tothe group “work_area” while the IP address range 1.1.24.25 through1.1.25.250 may be assigned to the group “conference_rooms”. This examplemay be provided to the controller 304 as the following exampleparameters.

#provision-ap range 172.168.24.25 to 172.168.56.250 ap-group WORK_AREA

#provision-ap range 1.1.24.25 to 1.1.25.250 ap-group CONFERENCE_ROOMS

Alternatively or additionally, all the IP addresses in a subnet may beassigned to a group.

The controller 304 may be configured with configuration profiles foreach designated access point group at the deployment site. Eachconfiguration profile contains the provisioning information for a namedgroup. The controller 304 may use the group name determined at step 618to select the provisioning information that is suitable for the accesspoint 306. At step 620, the controller 304 may transmit the provisioninginformation to the access point 306. The controller 304 may, forexample, send a UDP type message, such as a PAPI message, containing theprovisioning information. Alternatively or additionally, the controller304 may transmit a series of messages, each containing a portion of theprovisioning information.

At step 622, the access point 306 may receive the provisioninginformation from the controller 304. Upon receiving the provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may configure its operations.Configuring the access point's 306 operations may include automaticallyapplying the configuration settings provided by the provisioninginformation. Thereafter, the access point 306 may be ready to supplywireless services to client devices. At step 622, the access point 306may, in some implementations, also receive its group name. The accesspoint 306 may store its group name for later uses.

In some implementations, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded withconfiguration profiles. A configuration profile may be included for eachaccess point group at a deployment site. Alternatively or additionally,default configuration profiles, with default group names, may beincluded. In these implementations, the access point 306 may be able toconfigure its operations upon receiving its group name. In such cases,the access point 306 may not receive or may ignore the controller 304 IPaddress provided by the DHCP response generated at step 606.Furthermore, in these cases, the access point 306 may not transmit aprovisioning request, as at step 616, and may instead proceed to step622.

In other implementations, the access point 306 may be able to provisionitself without a group name. This may be the case, for example, when allthe access points at a deployment site or all the access points incommunication with the same controller are to have the sameconfiguration. For example, at step 602, the access point 306 may beconfigured with a default group name that is available once the accesspoint 306 has powered up. The access point 306 may include this defaultgroup name in the provisioning request transmitted at step 616.Alternatively, the access point 306 may be pre-loaded with configurationprofiles. In such cases, the access point 306 may select a pre-loadedconfiguration profile, using the default group name, and configureitself with the provisioning information provided by this configurationprofile.

The steps included in the process 600 may also be used to reconfigurethe access point 306 at a later time. For example, when a change to theconfiguration for a specific group is to be made, the configurationprofile for the group may be changed at the controller 304. Thecontroller 304 may thereafter broadcast messages to the network, such asPAPI messages, that indicate the configuration change. These messagesmay include the group name. Access points that belong to that group mayrecognize that the messages are intended for their group, may accept themessages, and may use the message content to reconfigure themselves.Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 may maintain lists ofwhich access points are in which groups, and, instead of broadcastingmessages, may direct messages to each specific access point that is amember of the group. Upon receipt of provisioning information, as atstep 522, the access point may proceed to reconfigure itself.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by thesteps included by the process 600. For example, the controller 304 maytransmit a message, such as a PAPI message, to the access point 306.This message may include the access point's 306 new group name. Receiptof this message may cause the access point 306 to automatically requestprovisioning information, as at step 616. Alternatively or additionally,the controller 304 may transmit provisioning information to the accesspoint 306, as at step 620. This provisioning information may include thenew group name. Upon receipt of provisioning information, as at step622, the access point may proceed to reconfigure itself.

IV. Automated Provisioning of Access Points with a Multi-Port NetworkInfrastructure Device

As noted above, the system 300 of FIG. 3 can, in various embodiments, beused to provision any number of access points in an automated fashion.The process for automatically provisioning access points may includereceiving, by a multi-port network infrastructure device 308, a messagefrom an un-provisioned access point 306. The message from the accesspoint may include information about the access point, such as the accesspoint's IP address. The multi-port network infrastructure device 308 mayfurther determine a port to which the access point is connected. Themulti-port network infrastructure device's 308 ports may be assigned toone or more access point groups. The port to which the access point 306is connected may therefore determine the access point group to which theaccess point 306 is to belong. The identified access point groupprovides a group name for the access point 306. The multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308 may send a message to the access point 306that includes this group name. The access point 306 may subsequently usethis group name to acquire provisioning information, and configureitself with this provisioning information.

FIG. 7A illustrates one example of a process 700 for automated bulkprovisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 700, an accesspoint 306 may interact with a multi-port network infrastructure device308, both of which are described with respect to FIG. 3. The steps ofthe process 700 of FIG. 7A occur automatically when the multi-portnetwork infrastructure device 308 detects a connection to an accesspoint 306, and do not require prompting from a human networkadministrator. In some cases, however, the process 700 may befacilitated by actions taken by a network administrator. For example, ina large installation of new access points, bulk (or any) provisioningmay be suspended until all access points are installed or the networkadministrator otherwise indicates that provisioning should occur. Thesteps of the process 700 are described as applying to one multi-portnetwork infrastructure device 308; however, the same process 400 can beapplied to any or all multi-port network infrastructure devices in thenetwork, and for any or all access points connected to those multi-portnetwork infrastructure devices either sequentially, approximately at thesame time, or in some combination thereof.

In FIG. 7A, at step 702, the multi-port network infrastructure device308 may detect a connection to an access point 306. The multi-portnetwork infrastructure device 308 may detect the connection when theaccess point 306 is physically connected to the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308, for example with a cable plugged into one ofthe multi-port network infrastructure device's 308 ports. Alternatively,the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may detect a wirelessconnection to an access point 306. Alternatively or additionally, themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may be informed by anexternal source that the access point 306 has connected to a port on themulti-port network infrastructure device 308. For example, a networkadministrator may inform the multi-port network infrastructure device308 that it has a new connection. After detecting the connection to theaccess point 306, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maymake network resources available to the access point 306. For example,the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may begin acceptingpackets from the access point 306, and forwarding these packets on toother ports.

Packets received from the access point 306 may include packets that areintended for, or may be read by, the multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308. At step 710, the access point 306 may transmit a packet thatincludes a message intended for at least the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308. For example, the access point 306 maytransmit a Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) message. An LLDP messagefrom the access point 306 may contain information such as, for example,the access point's 306 IP address, a system name and description, a portname and description, a virtual local area network (VLAN) name, and anIP management address, system capabilities (switching, routing, etc.),Media Access Control (MAC) and/or physical (PHY) information, powerinformation, and/or link aggregation (methods of combining multiplenetwork connections in parallel in order to increase throughput beyondwhat a single connection could sustain) information. An LLDP message mayalso include any amount of optional information. LLDP messages may bebroadcast by the access point 306 and/or the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308, so that the access point's 306 informationmay be distributed to other parts of the network.

At step 712, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 mayidentify the port to which the access point 306 is connected. Themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may use informationobtained from an LLDP message from the access point 306. Alternativelyor additionally, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maydetect that the access point 306 is connected to one of its ports. Forexample, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may detectpower or communication signals on that port.

At step 714, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may usethe port identified in step 712 to identify an access point group name.The multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may be configured suchthat each of its ports is assigned to a different access point group.Alternatively or additionally, a range of ports may be assigned to anaccess point group. For example, ports 1-5 may be assigned to the group“work_area”, ports 6-10 may be assigned to the group “conference_rooms”,and ports 10-15 may be assigned to the group “auditorium.” Alternativelyor additionally, discontinuous ports (e.g., all odd or all even portnumbers, or every third port, etc.) may be assigned to an access pointgroup. Alternatively, all of the multi-port network infrastructuredevice's 308 ports may be assigned to the same access point group.

At step 706, multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maycommunicate the identified group name to the access point 306. Forexample, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may transmitan LLDP message to the access point 306. An LLDP message is typicallycomposed of a series of type-length-value (TLV) structures. A TLV mayinclude a type, indicating the type of the data stored in the TLV. A TLVmay also include a length, indicating the length of a value stored inthe TLV. A TLV may optionally also include a value. An LLDP may includemandatory TLVs, such as a chassis identifier, a port identifier, and/ora time-to-live identifier. LLDP messages may also include any number ofoptional TLVs. An optional TLV may be used to transmit the accesspoint's 306 group name to the access point 306. For example, an LLDP mayinclude a TLV of type 127 (commonly used for custom TLVs) and analphanumeric value that includes the group name (each character possiblyencoded in an 8-bit value).

A multi-port network infrastructure device may be configured with one ormore access point group profiles. A profile may be assigned to one ormore of the multi-port network infrastructure device's 308 ports. Table3 and Table 4 illustrate two examples of profiles that may be assignedto a port. The “LLDP Protocol Data Unit (PDU) transmit” parameterindicates whether an LLDP to the access point 306 should be transmitted.The “AP_Group TLV” (Access Point Group TLV) parameter indicates whetherthe LLDP to the access point 306 should include an access point groupname. The “AP_Group Name” (Access Point Group Name) parameter gives thename of the access point group provided by the profile.

TABLE 3 LLDP Profile “device-group-work” Parameter Value LLDP PDUtransmit Enabled AP_Group TLV Enabled AP_Group Name work_area

TABLE 4 LLDP Profile “device-group-conf” Parameter Value LLDP PDUtransmit Enabled AP_Group TLV Enabled AP_Group Name conference_rooms

At step 716, the access point 306 may receive the message from themulti-port network infrastructure device 308. The access point 306 mayuse the group name communicated in the message transmitted at step 706to obtain provisioning information. For example, the access point 306may contact the controller 304, and provide the controller 304 theaccess point's 306 group name. The controller 304 may be configured withconfiguration profiles for each designated access point group at thedeployment site. Each configuration profile contains the provisioninginformation for a named group. The controller 304 may use the group nameprovided by the provisioning request to select the provisioninginformation that is suitable for the access point 306. Alternatively,the controller 304 may select default provisioning information. Forexample, the controller 304 may provide default provisioning informationwhen the controller 304 does not recognize the group name provided withthe provisioning request. The access point 306 may receive theappropriate provisioning information from the controller 304. The accesspoint 306 may thereafter configure its operations. Configuring theaccess point's 306 operations may include automatically applying theconfiguration settings provided by the provisioning information.Thereafter, the access point 306 may be ready to supply wirelessservices to client devices.

FIG. 7B illustrates an alternate example of a process 750 for automatedbulk provisioning of access points. This process 750 may also involveinteraction between an access point 306 and a multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308. The process 750 includes steps similar tothose in the process 700 of FIG. 7A, as indicated by the figure numbers.

In FIG. 7B, at step 702, the multi-port network infrastructure device308 may detect a connection to an access point 306. After detecting theconnection to the access point 306, the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308 may make network resources available to theaccess point 306. For example, the multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308 may begin accepting packets from the access point 306, andforwarding these packets on to other ports.

At step 710, the access point 306 may transmit a packet that includes amessage intended for at least the multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308. For example, the access point 306 may transmit an LLDPmessage. An LLDP message from the access point 306 may containinformation such as, for example, the access point's 306 IP address. AnLLDP message may also include any amount of optional information.

At step 712, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 mayidentify the port to which the access point 306 is connected. At step714, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may use the portidentified in step 712 to identify an access point group name.

The multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may also be configuredto provide an IP address of the controller 304 to the access point 306.For example, the LLDP profiles of Table 3 and Table 4 may include thecontroller 304 IP address. At step 708, the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308 may extract the controller 304 IP address fromits configuration. The controller 304 IP address may be provided to step706.

At step 706, multi-port network infrastructure device 308 maycommunicate the identified group name to the access point 306. Forexample, the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 may transmitan LLDP message to the access point 306, where an optional TLV in theLLDP message includes the group name. The multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308 may also communicate the controller 304 IPaddress to the access point 306. For example, the LLDP message to theaccess point 306 may also include an optional TLV that includes thecontroller 304 IP address.

At step 716, the access point 306 may receive the message from themulti-port network infrastructure device 308. The access point 306 mayuse the group name communicated in the message transmitted at step 706to obtain provisioning information. For example, the access point 306may contact the controller 304, and provide the controller 304 theaccess point's group 306 name. The access point 306 may use thecontroller 304 IP address transmitted by the multi-port networkinfrastructure device at step 706 to contact the controller 304. Forexample, the access point 306 may address a provisioning request to thecontroller 304, using the controller 304 IP address. The access point306 may subsequently receive the appropriate provisioning informationfrom the controller 304. The access point 306 may thereafter configureits operations, and may be ready to supply wireless services to clientdevices.

The steps included in the processes 700, 750 of FIGS. 7A and 7B may alsobe used to reconfigure the access point 306 at a later time. Forexample, it may be determined that the access point group to which theaccess point 306 belongs requires a configuration change. A message maybe transmitted to the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 toinform the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 that aconfiguration change is being initiated. In some implementations, thismessage may come for a controller, such as the controller 304, that isresponsible for managing the access point 306. The message initiatingthe configuration change may come in the form of, for example, an LLDPmessage, and TLV in the LLDP may indicate that the multi-port networkinfrastructure device 308 is to notify the access point 306 of theconfiguration change. Upon receipt of this message, the multi-portnetwork infrastructure device 308 may transmit a message, such as atstep 706, to inform some or all of the access points connected to it,such as the access point 306, that the access points should re-acquireprovisioning information. The message transmitted to the access point306 may, for example, be in the form of an LLDP message. Receipt of thismessage may cause the access point 306 to request provisioninginformation, such as at step 716. Upon receipt of this new provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may re-configure itself. Themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may further notify anyother access points that belong to the same group as the access point306 of the configuration change.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by stepsincluded in the processes 700, 750. For example, a message may betransmitted to the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 toconfigure the multi-port network infrastructure device 308 with the newgroup name. In some implementations, this message may come from acontroller, such as the controller 304, that is responsible for managingthe access point 306. As discussed above, the multi-port networkinfrastructure device's 308 ports may be variously assigned to differentaccess point groups. The message with the new group name may changeconfiguration of the port to which the access point 306 is attached.Upon receipt of this message, the multi-port network infrastructuredevice 308 may transmit a message, such as for example an LLDP message,to the access point 306, such as at step 706. Receipt of this messagemay provide the access point 306 with its new group name. Receipt ofthis message may also cause the access point 306 to request provisioninginformation, such as at step 716. Upon receipt of this new provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may re-configure itself. Themulti-port network infrastructure device 308 may further notify anyother access points that belong to the same group as the access point306 of the new group name.

V. Automated Provisioning of Access Points with a DHCP Server

As noted above, the system 300 of FIG. 3 can, in various embodiments, beused to provision any number of access points in an automated fashion.The process for automatically provisioning access points may includereceiving, by a DHCP server 316, a DHCP request from an un-provisionedaccess point 306. The DHCP request may be a request for an IP address.The DHCP server 316 may determine an IP address to assign to the accesspoint 306. The DHCP server 316 may also determine to which access pointgroup the access point 306 should belong. The DHCP server 316 may makethis determination using the IP address that is to be assigned to theaccess point 306. The access point group may provide a group name. TheDHCP server 316 may include the group name in a DHCP response to theaccess point 306. The DHCP response may also include the access point's306 IP address, and other information. The access point 306 maysubsequently use this group name to acquire provisioning information,and configure itself with this provisioning information.

FIG. 8A illustrates one example of a process 800 for automated bulkprovisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 800, an accesspoint 306 may interact with a DHCP server 316, both of which aredescribed with respect to FIG. 3. The steps of the process 800 of FIG.8A occur automatically when the DHCP server 316 receives a DHCP requestfrom the access point 306, and do not require prompting from a humannetwork administrator. In some cases, however, the process 800 may befacilitated by actions taken by a network administrator. The steps ofthe process 800 are described as applying to one access point 306;however, the same process 800 can be applied to any or all DHCP serversconnected to the network, and any or all access points that maycommunicate with those DHCP servers.

In FIG. 8A, at step 804, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCPrequest. The access point may transmit the DHCP request in order toobtain an IP address. An IP address is one of several ways in which theaccess point 306 identifies itself to the network. An IP address allowsthe access point 306 to communicate with the network, and further allowsdevices in the network to communicate with the access point 306. TheDHCP request may be broadcast to the network, with the expectation thatthe DHCP server 316 will receive the DHCP request.

At step 812, the DHCP server 316 may receive the DHCP request from theaccess point 306. The DHCP server may then determine an IP address toassign to the access point. As noted above, the DHCP server 316 may beresponsible for managing and assigning IP addresses in a network. Asubset of these addresses may be set aside for access points. The DHCPserver 316 may select an IP address for the access point 306 based on anumber of factors, such as where the access point 306 is physicallylocated, the access point's physical connection to the network, and/orany parameters sent by the access point 306 in its DHCP request.

Having determined the IP address that is to be assigned to the accesspoint 306, the DHCP server 316 may, at step 814, determine the accesspoint's 306 group name, using the assigned IP address. The DHCP server316 may be configured such that each IP address that it may assign to anaccess point is designated as belonging to a different group.Alternatively or additionally, the DHCP server 316 may be configuredsuch that ranges of IP addresses are assigned to different groups. Forexample, the IP address range 10.1.1.100 through 10.1.1.150 (fiftyaddresses) may be assigned to the group “work_area” while the addressrange 10.1.1.151 through 10.1.1.200 may be assigned to the group“conference_rooms.” Alternatively or additionally, all the IP addressesin a subnet may be assigned to a group. Subnets group together a numberof logically related devices, and allow them to present a single IPaddress to other networks and devices. This allows routers to routepackets intended for any device within the subnet to the same IP address(typically the IP address of an interface of a router or other subnetdevice assigned to that subnet) without needing to determine the exactaddress of the intended device. Once a packet reaches the subnet deviceto which the IP address has been assigned, the subnet device uses otheraddress information to determine the address of the intended device.

At step 806, the DHCP server 316 may generate a DHCP response. The DHCPresponse may include the group name identified at step 814. The DHCPresponse may also include the IP address for the access point 306. TheDHCP response may also include other information that may be used by theaccess point 306. The group name may be provided in an optional field inthe DHCP response. Optional fields, or “options,” may be used by theDHCP server 316 to transmit optional configuration parameters. DHCPoptions have assigned numbers and names, but some options may be usedaccording to how the DHCP server 316 is configured. For example, thegroup name may be placed in option 43, which is designated for VendorSpecific Information. Alternatively or additionally, the group name maybe placed in option 60, which is designated as the Vendor ClassIdentifier. The group name may alternatively or additionally be placedin other options, including optional and extension options.Vendor-related options, however, are designated for use by a vendor, andplacing information such as the controller 304 IP address in theseoptions is least likely to affect inter-operability with other networkdevices.

An example of a DHCP server configuration using options 43 and 60 isprovided below. The DHCP server 316 may use this example configurationwhen generating a response to the DHCP request from the access point306. Furthermore, this configuration would not be applied when the DHCPserver 316 responds to DHCP requests from devices that are not accesspoints.

option masterip code 43=ip-address;

option vendor-class-identifier code 60=string;

group { option masterip 10.1.1.245; option vendor-class-identifier“ArubaAP;APGroupName1”; subnet 20.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range10.1.1.100 10.1.1.150; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; optionbroadcast-address 10.1.1.255; option routers 10.1.1.245;} }

At step 816, the access point 306 may receive the DHCP response from theDHCP server 316. The access point 305 may use the group namecommunicated in the DHCP response transmitted at step 806 to obtainprovisioning information. For example, the access point 306 may contactthe controller 304, and provide the controller 304 its group name. Thecontroller 304 may be configured with configuration profiles for eachaccess point group at the deployment site. Each configuration profilecontains the provisioning information for a named group. The controller304 may use the group name provided by the provisioning request toselect the provisioning information that is suitable for the accesspoint 306. Alternatively, the controller 304 may select defaultprovisioning information. For example, the controller 304 may providedefault provisioning information when the controller 304 does notrecognize the group name provided with the provisioning request. Theaccess point 306 may receive the appropriate provisioning informationfrom the controller 304. The access point 306 may thereafter configureits operations. Configuring the access point's 306 operations mayinclude automatically applying the configuration settings provided bythe provisioning information. Thereafter, the access point 306 may beready to supply wireless services to client devices.

FIG. 8B illustrates an alternate example of a process 850 for automatedbulk provisioning of access points. This process 850 may also involveinteraction between an access point 306 and a DHCP server 316. Theprocess 850 includes steps similar to those in the process 800 of FIG.8A, as is indicated by the figure numbers.

In FIG. 8B, at step 804, the access point 306 may transmit a DHCPrequest to obtain an IP address. At step 812, the DHCP server 316 mayreceive the DHCP request from the access point 306. The DHCP server maythen determine an IP address to assign to the access point. Havingdetermined the IP address that is to be assigned to the access point306, the DHCP server 316 may, at step 814, determine the access point's306 group name, using the assigned IP address.

At step 808, the DHCP server 316 may also be configured to provide an IPaddress for the controller 304. In some implementations, the DHCP server316 may be configured to identify DHCP requests from access points, andmay further be configured to include the controller 304 IP address in aresponse to DHCP requests from an access point. The DHCP server 316 mayfurther be configured to provide the controller 304 IP address only toaccess points. In other implementations, the DHCP server 316 may beconfigured to provide the controller 304 IP address in response to anyDHCP request. In yet other implementations, the DHCP server 316 may beconfigured to provide the controller 304 IP address only for certain IPaddresses, such as IP addresses selected at step 812.

At step 806, the DHCP server 316 may generate a DHCP response. The DHCresponse may include the group name identified at step 814. The DHCPresponse may also include the controller 304 IP address from step 808.The DHCP response may also include other information, such as the IPaddress for the access point 306. The group name and/or controller 304IP address may be provided in optional fields in the DHCP response. Forexample, the group name and/or controller 304 IP address may be placedin option 43, which is designated for Vendor Specific Information.Alternatively or additionally, the group name may be placed in option60, which is designated as the Vendor Class Identifier. The group namemay alternatively or additionally be placed in other options, includingoptional and extension options.

At step 816, the access point 306 may receive the DHCP response from theDHCP server 316. The access point 305 may use the group namecommunicated in the DHCP response transmitted at step 806 to obtainprovisioning information. For example, the access point 306 may contactthe controller 304, and provide the controller 304 its group name. Theaccess point 306 may use the controller 304 IP address transmitted bythe DHCP server 316 at step 806 to contact the controller 304. Forexample, the access point 306 may address a provisioning request to thecontroller 304, using the controller 304 IP address. The access point306 may subsequently receive the appropriate provisioning informationfrom the controller 304. The access point 306 may thereafter configureits operations, and may be ready to supply wireless services to clientdevices.

The steps included in the processes 800, 850 of FIGS. 8A and 8B may alsobe used to reconfigure the access point 306 at a later time. Forexample, it may be determined that the access point group to which theaccess point 306 belongs requires a configuration change. A message maybe transmitted to the DHCP server 316 to inform the DHCP server 316 thata configuration change is being initiated. In some implementations, thismessage may come for a controller, such as the controller 304, that isresponsible for managing the access point 306. The message initiatingthe configuration change may come in the form of, for example, an LLDPmessage, and TLV in the LLDP may indicate that the DHCP server 316 is toinform the access point 306 of the configuration change. Upon receipt ofthis message, the DHCP server 316 may transmit a DHCP response to theaccess point 306, such as at step 806. This DHCP response may, forexample, include information in an option that indicates to the accesspoint 306 that the access point 306 should re-request provisioninginformation. Receipt of this message may thus cause the access point 306to request provisioning information, such as at step 816. Upon receiptof this new provisioning information, the access point 306 mayre-configure itself. The DHCP server 316 may further notify any otheraccess points that belong to the same group as the access point 306 ofthe configuration change.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by thesteps included in the processes 800, 850. For example, a message may betransmitted to the DHCP server 316 to configure the DHCP server 316 withthe new group name. In some implementations, this message may come for acontroller, such as the controller 304, that is responsible for managingthe access point 306. As discussed above, the DHCP server 316 may beconfigured such that various IP addresses under management by the DHCPserver 316 are assigned to different access point groups. The messagewith the new group name may therefore change the assignment of IPaddresses to access point groups. Upon receipt of this message, the DHCPserver 316 may transmit a DHCP response to the access point, such as atstep 806. Receipt of this message may provide the access point 306 withits new group name. Receipt of this message may also cause the accesspoint 306 to request provisioning information, such as at step 716. Uponreceipt of this new provisioning information, the access point 306 mayre-configure itself. The DHCP server 316 may further notify any otheraccess points that belong to the same group as the access point 306 ofthe new group name.

VI. Automated Provisioning of Access Points with a Controller

As noted above, the system 300 of FIG. 3 can, in various embodiments, beused to provision any number of access points in an automated fashion.The process for automatically provisioning access points may includereceiving, by a controller 304, a provisioning request from anun-provisioned access point 306. The provisioning request may includethe group name of the access point 306. The provisioning request mayalso include the IP address of the access point 306. The controller 304may determine the appropriate provisioning information for the accesspoint 306, based on either the access point's 306 group name, IPaddress, or both. Alternatively, the controller 304 may determine theappropriate provisioning information for the access point 306 based oninformation about the access point provided by the provisioning request.The provisioning request may contain information about the access pointsuch as configurations or protocols supported by the access point,versions or model numbers, and the like. The controller 304 may thentransmit the provisioning information to the access point 306. Theaccess point 306 may use the provisioning information to configureitself, and begin providing network services to client devices.

FIG. 9A illustrates one example of a process 900 for automated bulkprovisioning of access points. In the illustrated process 900, an accesspoint 306 may interact with a controller 304, both of which aredescribed with respect to FIG. 3. The steps of the process 900 of FIG.9A occur automatically when the controller 304 receives a provisioningrequest from the access point 306, and do not require prompting from ahuman network administrator. In some cases, however, the process 900 maybe facilitated by actions taken by a network administrator. The steps ofthe process 900 are described as applying to one access point 306;however, the same process 900 can be applied to any or all access pointsconnected to the network.

In FIG. 9A, at step 916, the access point 306 may transmit aprovisioning request. In some implementations, the provisioning requestmay be in the form a Universal Datagram Protocol (UDP) type message. Forexample, the access point 306 may transmit a Process ApplicationProtocol Interface (PAPI) message. PAPI is a proprietary protocol usedby Aruba Networks, Inc. for communication between access points andcontrollers PAPI uses UDP port 8211. Use of this specific protocol isnot necessary, and access points and/or controllers may also use otherstandardized or proprietary protocols for communications between them.The provisioning request may include information about the access point306, such as the access point's 306 IP address and/or group name. Insome implementations, the provisioning request is not specifically arequest for provisioning. In these implementations, the provisioningrequest may be a message that indicates that the access point 306 isun-provisioned, and/or a message that indicates that the access point306 is incorrectly provisioned.

At step 918, the controller 304 may receive the provisioning requestfrom the access point 306. As noted above, the provisioning request mayinclude the access point's 306 group name. The controller 304 may beconfigured with configuration profiles for each of the access pointgroups at the deployment site. Each configuration profile contains theprovisioning information for a named group. The controller 304 may usethe group name provided by the provisioning request to select theprovisioning information that is suitable for the access point 306.Alternatively, the controller 304 may select default provisioninginformation. For example, the controller 304 may provide defaultprovisioning information when the controller 304 does not recognize thegroup name provided with the provisioning request.

At step 920, the controller 304 may transmit the selected provisioninginformation to the access point 306. The controller 304 may, forexample, send a UDP type message, such as a PAPI message, containing theprovisioning information. Alternatively or additionally, the controller304 may transmit a series of messages, each containing a portion of theprovisioning information.

At step 922 the access point 306 may receive the provisioninginformation from the controller 304. Upon receiving the provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may configure its operations.Configuring the access point's 306 operations may include automaticallyapplying the configuration settings provided at step 922. The accesspoint 306 may receive the provisioning information from the controller304. Upon receiving the provisioning information, the access point 306may configure its operations. Configuring the access point's 306operations may include automatically applying the configuration settingsprovided by the provisioning information. Thereafter, the access point306 may be ready to supply wireless services to client devices by theprovisioning information. Thereafter, the access point 306 may be readyto supply wireless services to client devices.

FIG. 9B illustrates an alternate example of a process 950 for automatedbulk provisioning of access points. This process 950 may also involveinteraction between an access point 306 and a controller 304. Theprocess 950 includes steps similar to those in the process 900 of FIG.9A, as indicated by the figure numbers.

In FIG. 9B, at step 916, the access point 306 may transmit aprovisioning request. For example, the access point 306 may transmit aUDP-type message, such as a PAPI message. The provisioning request mayinclude information about the access point 306, such as the accesspoint's 306 IP address.

At step 912, the controller 304 may receive the provisioning requestfrom the access point 306. The controller 304 may, at step 918,determine the access point's 306 group name, using the IP addressprovided with the provisioning request. The controller 304 may beconfigured to manage a number of IP addresses within the network. Thecontroller 304 may further be configured such that each IP address thatmay be assigned to an access point is designated as belonging to acertain access point group. For example, each IP address designated foraccess points may be assigned to a different access point group.Alternatively or additionally, the controller 304 may be configured suchthat ranges of IP addresses are assigned to different groups. Forexample, the IP address range 172.168.24.25 through 172.168.56.250 maybe assigned to the group “work_area” while the IP address range1.1.24.25 through 1.1.25.250 may be assigned to the group“conference_rooms”. This example may be provided to the controller 304as the following example parameters.

#provision-ap range 172.168.24.25 to 172.168.56.250 ap-group WORK_AREA

#provision-ap range 1.1.24.25 to 1.1.25.250 ap-group CONFERENCE_ROOMS

Alternatively or additionally, all the IP addresses in a subnet may beassigned to a group.

The controller 304 may be configured with configuration profiles foreach access point group at the deployment site. Each configurationprofile contains the provisioning information for a named group. Thecontroller 304 may use the group name determined at step 918 to selectthe provisioning information that is suitable for the access point 306.At step 920, the controller 304 may transmit the provisioninginformation to the access point 306. The controller 304 may, forexample, send a UDP type message, such as a PAPI message, containing theprovisioning information. Alternatively or additionally, the controller304 may transmit a series of messages, each containing a portion of theprovisioning information.

At step 922, the access point 306 may receive the provisioninginformation from the controller 304. Upon receiving the provisioninginformation, the access point 306 may configure its operations.Configuring the access point's 306 operations may include automaticallyapplying the configuration settings provided by the provisioninginformation. Thereafter, the access point 306 may be ready to supplywireless services to client devices.

The steps included in the processes 900, 950 of FIGS. 9A and 9B may alsobe used to reconfigure the access point 306 at a later time. Forexample, it may be determined that the access point group to which theaccess point 306 belongs requires a configuration change. The controller304 may be reconfigured to reflect this change. For example, aconfiguration profile for the access point group, stored by thecontroller 304, may be updated with the new configuration settings.Receipt of this new configuration, and/or a command from a networkadministrator, may cause the controller 304 to transmit the updatedprovisioning information to the access point 306, such as at step 920.Upon receipt of this new provisioning information, the access point 306may re-configure itself. The controller 304 may further provide anyother access points that are in the same group as the access point 306with the new provisioning information.

Changing an access point's group name may also be facilitated by thesteps included in the processes 900, 950. For example, the controller304 may be reconfigured with the new group name. For example, aconfiguration profile for the access point group, stored by thecontroller 304, may be updated with the new group name. Receipt of thenew group name, and/or a command from a network administrator, may causethe controller 304 to transmit the updated provisioning information tothe access point 306, such as at step 920. Upon receipt of this newprovisioning information, the access point 306 may re-configure itself.The controller 304 may further provide any other access points that arein the same group as the access point 306 with the new provisioninginformation.

VII. Network Device

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a network device 1000. The abovemethods may be implemented by computer-program products that direct anetwork device to perform the actions of the above-described methods andcomponents. Each such computer-program product may comprise sets ofinstructions (code or program code) embodied on a computer-readablemedium that directs the processor of a computer system to performcorresponding actions. The instructions may be configured to run insequential order, or in parallel (such as under different processingthreads), or in a combination thereof.

The network device 1000 comprises a processing system 1010, an optionalmonitor 1002 coupled to the processing system 1010, one or more optionaluser output devices 1004 coupled to the processing system 1010, one ormore optional user input devices 1006 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, trackball, touch screen) coupled to the processing system 1010, an optionalcommunications interface 1008 coupled to the processing system 1010, acomputer-program product 1020 stored in a tangible computer-readablememory in the processing system 1010. The computer-program product 1020directs the network device 1000 to perform the above-described methods.The processing system 1010 may include one or more processors 1012 thatcommunicate with a number of peripheral devices via a bus subsystem1018. These peripheral devices may include the user output device(s)1004, user input device(s) 1006, communications interface 1008, and astorage subsystem, such as a random access memory (RAM) 1014 and/or anon-volatile storage drive 1016 (e.g., disk drive, optical drive, solidstate drive), which are forms of tangible computer-readable memory.

The computer-program product 1020 may be stored in the non-volatilestorage drive 1016 and/or another computer-readable medium accessible tothe processing system 1010 and loaded into the memory 1014. Eachprocessor 1012 may comprise a microprocessor, such as a microprocessorfrom Intel® or Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.®, or the like. To supportthe computer-program product 1020, the processing system 1010 runs anoperating system that handles the communications of the computer-programproduct 1020 with the above-noted components, as well as thecommunications between the above-noted components in support of thecomputer-program product 1020. Exemplary operating systems includeArubaOS from Aruba Networks, Windows® or the like from MicrosoftCorporation, Solaris® from Sun Microsystems, LINUX, UNIX, and the like,and/or device- or system-specific operating systems and the like.

The user input devices 1006 may include a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, ascanner, a digital drawing pad, a touch screen incorporated into thedisplay, audio input devices such as voice recognition systems,microphones, and other types of input devices. In various embodiments,the user input devices 1006 are typically embodied as a computer mouse,a trackball, a track pad, a joystick, wireless remote, a drawing tablet,or a voice command system. The user input devices 1006 typically allow auser to select objects, icons, text and the like that appear on themonitor 1002 via a command such as a click of a button or the like. Theuser output devices 1004 include devices and mechanisms to outputinformation from the processing system 1010. These may include a display(e.g., a monitor 1002), printers, non-visual displays such as audiooutput devices, etc.

The communications interface 1008 provides an interface to communicationnetworks 1030 and devices and may serve as an interface to receive datafrom and transmit data to other systems, WANs and/or the Internet.Embodiments of the communications interface 1008 may be an Ethernetcard, a modem, a cable modem, a router, a switch, an embedded multimediaadapter (EMTA), a synchronous or asynchronous digital subscriber line(DSL) unit, a FireWire® interface, a USB® interface, a wireless networkadapter, and the like. For example, the communications interface 1008may be coupled to a computer network, to a FireWire® bus, or the like.In other embodiments, the communications interface 1008 may bephysically integrated on a board of the processing system 1010, and/ormay be a software program, or the like.

The RAM 1014 and non-volatile storage drive 1016 are examples oftangible computer-readable media configured to store data such ascomputer-program product embodiments of the systems and methodsdescribed herein, including executable computer code, human-readablecode, or the like. Other types of tangible computer-readable mediainclude floppy disks, removable hard disks, optical storage media suchas CD-ROMs, DVDs, bar codes, semiconductor memories such as flashmemories, read-only-memories (ROMs), battery-backed volatile memories,networked storage devices, and the like. The RAM 1014 and non-volatilestorage drive 1016 may be configured to store the basic programming anddata constructs that provide the functionality of various embodiments ofthe systems and methods described above.

Software instruction sets that provide the functionality of thedescribed methods may be stored in the RAM 1014 and/or non-volatilestorage drive 1016. These instruction sets or code may be executed bythe processor(s) 1012. The RAM 1014 and/or non-volatile storage drive1016 may also provide a repository to store data and data structuresused in accordance with the disclosed systems and methods. The RAM 1014and non-volatile storage drive 1016 may include a number of memoriesincluding a main random access memory (RAM) to store instructions anddata during program execution and a read-only memory (ROM) in whichfixed instructions are stored. The RAM 1014 and non-volatile storagedrive 1016 may include a file storage subsystem providing persistent(non-volatile) storage of program and/or data files. The RAM 1014 andnon-volatile storage drive 1016 may also include removable storagesystems, such as removable flash memory.

The bus subsystem 1018 provides a mechanism to allow the variouscomponents and subsystems of the processing system 1010 to communicatewith each other as intended. Although the bus subsystem 1018 is shownschematically as a single bus, alternative embodiments of the bussubsystem 1018 may implement multiple busses or communication pathswithin the processing system 1010.

The preceding description provides example embodiments only, and is notintended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of thedisclosure. Rather, the preceding description of the example embodimentswill provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description forimplementing an example embodiment. It should be understood that variouschanges may be made in the function and arrangement of elements withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the systems and methods as setforth in the appended claims.

Specific details are given in the preceding description to provide athorough understanding of the embodiments. It will be understood,however, by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may bepracticed without these specific details. For example, circuits,systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown ascomponents in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodimentsin unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits,processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown withoutunnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments. Thefigures and description are not intended to be restrictive.

It is also noted that individual embodiments may be described as aprocess that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flowdiagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchartmay describe the operations as a sequential process, many of theoperations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition,the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminatedwhen its operations are completed, but could have additional steps notincluded in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function,a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process correspondsto a function, its termination can correspond to a return of thefunction to the calling function or the main function.

The term “machine-readable storage medium” or “computer-readable storagemedium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portablestorage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediumscapable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction(s) and/or data.A machine-readable medium may include a non-transitory medium in whichdata can be stored and that does not include carrier waves and/ortransitory electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over wiredconnections. Examples of a non-transitory medium may include, but arenot limited to, a magnetic disk or tape, optical storage media such ascompact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD), flash memory, memoryor memory devices. A computer-program product may include code and/ormachine-executable instructions that may represent a procedure, afunction, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, asoftware package, a class, or any combination of instructions, datastructures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled toanother code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receivinginformation, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents.Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded,or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, messagepassing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software,firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or anycombination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middlewareor microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessarytasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in amachine-readable medium. A processor(s) may perform the necessary tasks.

Systems depicted in some of the figures may be provided in variousconfigurations. In some embodiments, the systems may be configured as adistributed system where one or more components of the system aredistributed across one or more networks in a cloud computing system.

Implementation of the techniques, blocks, steps and means describedabove may be done in various ways. For example, these techniques,blocks, steps and means may be implemented in hardware, software, or acombination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing unitsmay be implemented within one or more application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signalprocessing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed toperform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.

Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a processwhich is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, astructure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describethe operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can beperformed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of theoperations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when itsoperations are completed, but could have additional steps not includedin the figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, aprocedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process correspondsto a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the functionto the calling function or the main function.

Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software,scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription languages, and/or any combination thereof. When implementedin software, firmware, middleware, scripting language, and/or microcode,the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may bestored in a machine readable medium such as a storage medium. A codesegment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, afunction, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, asoftware package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions,data structures, and/or program statements. A code segment may becoupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/orreceiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and/or memorycontents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed,forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memorysharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

For a firmware and/or software implementation, the methodologies may beimplemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) thatperform the functions described herein. Any machine-readable mediumtangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing themethodologies described herein. For example, software codes may bestored in a memory. Memory may be implemented within the processor orexternal to the processor. As used herein the term “memory” refers toany type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or otherstorage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memoryor number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.

Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may representone or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM),random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic diskstorage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/orother machine readable mediums for storing information. The term“machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to portable orfixed storage devices, optical storage devices, wireless channels,and/or various other storage mediums capable of storing that include orcarry instruction(s) and/or data.

Substantial variations may be made in accordance with specificrequirements. For example, customized hardware might also be used,and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, software(including portable software, such as applets, etc.), or both. Further,connection to other access or computing devices such as networkinput/output devices may be employed.

In the foregoing specification, aspects of the various systems andmethods are described with reference to specific embodiments thereof,but those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed systemsand methods are not limited thereto. Various features and aspects of theabove-described systems and methods may be used individually or jointly.Further, embodiments can be utilized in any number of environments andapplications beyond those described herein without departing from thebroader spirit and scope of the specification. The specification anddrawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative rather thanrestrictive.

In the foregoing description, for the purposes of illustration, methodswere described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that inalternate embodiments, the methods may be performed in a different orderthan that described. It should also be appreciated that the methodsdescribed above may be performed by hardware components or may beembodied in sequences of machine-executable instructions, which may beused to cause a machine, such as a general-purpose or special-purposeprocessor or logic circuits programmed with the instructions to performthe methods. These machine-executable instructions may be stored on oneor more machine readable mediums, such as CD-ROMs or other type ofoptical disks, floppy diskettes, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magneticor optical cards, flash memory, or other types of machine-readablemediums suitable for storing electronic instructions. Alternatively, themethods may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.

Where components are described as being configured to perform certainoperations, such configuration can be accomplished, for example, bydesigning electronic circuits or other hardware to perform theoperation, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g.,microprocessors, or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform theoperation, or any combination thereof.

While illustrative embodiments of the application have been described indetail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may beotherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claimsare intended to be construed to include such variations, except aslimited by the prior art.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a networkdevice, a request for provisioning information; determining a groupname, wherein the group name is determined using information provided inthe request; selecting provisioning information, wherein selecting theprovisioning information includes using the group name; transmitting theselected provisioning information, wherein provisioning informationfacilitates self-configuration of un-provisioned network devices: andtransmitting re-configuration information, wherein the re-configurationinformation is based on the group name.
 2. The method of claim 1,wherein determining the group name includes extracting the group namefrom the request.
 3. The method of claim, 1 wherein determining thegroup name includes extracting an Internet Protocol (IP) address fromthe request, and wherein the group name based on the IP address.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, further comprising assigning all IP addresses in asubnet to a group name.
 5. The method of claim 3, further comprisingassigning a range of IP addresses to a group name.
 6. The method ofclaim 3, further comprising assigning an IP address to a group name. 7.The method of claim 1, wherein provisioning information includesradiofrequency settings.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein provisioninginformation includes network identifiers.
 9. A network device,comprising: a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable mediumcontaining instructions executable by the processor to: receive arequest for provisioning information; determine a group name, whereinthe group name is determined using information provided in the request;select provisioning information, wherein selecting the provisioninginformation includes using the group name; transmit the selectedprovisioning information, wherein provisioning information facilitatesself-configuration of un-provisioned network devices; and transmitre-configuration information, wherein the re-configuration informationis based on the group name.
 10. The network device of claim 9, whereinthe instructions to determine the group name include instructionsexecutable to extract the group name from the request.
 11. The networkdevice of claim 9, wherein: the instructions to determine the group nameinclude instructions executable to extract an Internet Protocol (IP)address from the request; and the group name is based on the IP address.12. The network device of claim 11, further comprising instructionsexecutable by the processor to cause the processor to assign all IPaddresses in a subnet to a group name.
 13. The network device of claim11, further comprising instructions executable by the processor to causethe processor to assign a range of IP addresses to a group name.
 14. Thenetwork device of claim 11, further comprising instructions executableby the processor to cause the processor to assign an IP address to agroup name.
 15. The network device of claim 9, wherein provisioninginformation includes radiofrequency settings.
 16. The network device ofclaim 9, wherein provisioning information includes network identifiers.17. A non-transitory machine-readable medium including instructionsexecutable by a processor to: receive a request for provisioninginformation; determine a group name, wherein the group name isdetermined using information provided in the request; selectprovisioning information, wherein selecting the provisioning informationincludes using the group name; transmit the selected provisioninginformation, wherein provisioning information facilitatesself-configuration of un-provisioned network devices; and transmitre-configuration information, wherein the re-configuration informationis based on the group name.
 18. The non-transitory machine-readablemedium of claim 17, wherein the instructions to determine the group nameinclude instructions executable to extract the group name from therequest.
 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17,wherein: the instructions to determine the group name includeinstructions executable to extract an Internet Protocol (IP) addressfrom the request; and the group name is based on the IP address.
 20. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprisinginstructions executable by the processor to assign all IP addresses in asubnet to a group name.
 21. The non-transitory machine-readable mediumof claim 19, further comprising instructions executable by the processorto assign a range of IP addresses to a group name.
 22. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 19, further comprisinginstructions executable by the processor to assign an IP address to agroup name.
 23. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17,wherein provisioning information includes radiofrequency settings. 24.The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, whereinprovisioning information includes network identifiers.